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Importance of nutrition in managing spinal muscle atrophy

Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a rare genetic disorder that can impair basic functions like breathing and swallowing. This impairment is triggered due to involuntary muscle spasms as the condition affects the nerves that trigger muscle reflexes. Different types of SMA exhibit multiple symptoms that also range in terms of severity. Among standard treatment options, doctors may also suggest nutritional changes that help patients gain better control over their muscles.

Is there a diet for spinal muscular atrophy?
There are several different types of SMA that affect children and adults. So, there is no straightforward nutrition plan that specifies the best foods and beverages for SMA symptom management. In some SMA cases, it may not even be possible for patients to swallow foods, tubes may have to be used to help feed them.

Nutritionists may determine a meal plan that will consist of the following essential elements that should form part of a customized SMA diet. The diet will also be strictly monitored and altered periodically based on the patient’s eating habits.

Essential inclusions
A well-rounded nutritious diet consists of proteins, carbohydrates, and healthy fats. Proteins are the essential building blocks of the body and majorly assist in the repairs and regeneration of damaged tissue of the muscles. Carbohydrates are broken down to create glucose, the main energy source, providing additional energy to control the muscles. And healthy fats assist in cerebral development and protects vital organ functions. These foods help meet the daily caloric requirements for patients ranging from toddlers and infants to full-grown adults diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy.
Vitamins and minerals
Potassium, magnesium, chloride, and sodium are essential electrolytes that help promote better nerve, brain, and muscle functions. Electrolytes also help balance the fluid levels in the body and help maintain proper pH levels. Additionally, calcium helps strengthen the bones, iron improves better oxygen supply in the body, and minerals like zinc and selenium help the body heal internally.
Foods to avoid
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease is a common risk factor associated with severe symptoms of Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Certain foods and beverages can trigger reflux unexpectedly, so it is best to avoid spicy foods, fatty snacks, citrus-rich fruits, chocolate, and caffeinated beverages.

Note that there can be no fixed diets as the nutritional requirements will vary at every stage of the progressive disorder.

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